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New Holland (Nova Hollandia) was a colony established by Dutch naval captain Jurriaen Aernoutsz upon seizing the capital of Acadia, Fort Pentagouet in Penobscot Bay (present day Castine, Maine), and several other Acadian villages during the Franco-Dutch War. The Dutch imprisoned the Governor of Acadia Jacques de Chambly. The French and native allies under the command of St. Castin regained control of the area the following year in 1675, however, a year later the Dutch West India Company appointed Cornelis Steenwijck, a Dutch merchant in New York, governor of the "coasts and countries of Nova Scotia and Acadie."〔''Francis Champernowne: The Dutch Conquest of Acadie and Other Historical Papers'', edited by Charles W. Tuttle and Albert H. Hoyt. ISBN 0-7884-1695-2.〕 The formal Dutch claim to Acadia (1676) was finally abandoned at the end of the war with the Treaty of Nijmegen in 1678. == History == In 1672 the Franco-Dutch War began, and England allied itself with the French. England and the Netherlands came to terms early in 1674 and then several months later the July day when Captain Jurriaen Aernoutsz sailed into New York harbor. Previously he had been sailing the North Atlantic Ocean looking for English and French ships to attack.〔''The Pirates of the New England Coast, 1630-1730''. George Francis Dow, John Henry, pg. 44.〕 In New York he met a trader named John Rhoades, a Massachusetts resident thoroughly familiar with the fur trade on the coasts of Maine and Acadia, who told him that the Dutch were no longer at war with the English, but that France had yet to come to terms. Rhoades went on to explain to Aernoutsz that the French colony in Acadia was barely defended and ripe for conquest. Aernoutsz took this suggestion to his a crew and they agreed unanimously.〔John G. Reid. ''Acadia, Maine, and New Scotland: Marginal Colonies in the Seventeenth Century'', pg. 162.〕 John Rhoades would be the crew's guide. Aernoutsz with 110 soldiers immediately set sail for the capital of Acadia Fort Pentagouet in Penobscot Bay (present day Castine, Maine).〔(Baxter. Documentary history of the State of Maine - primary sources )〕 On 10 Aug 1674, he attacked the capital. There were only 30 French soldiers in the fort and they were lightly armed. The Dutchmen took the fort easily. While they were there they also took the French Military Headquarters. Following this, they sailed to Jemseg and captured another French fort there. At both places, Aernoutsz buried bottles at Fort Pentagouet with messages inside them proclaiming that "Acadie" was to be Dutch possession and henceforward known as ''Nova Hollandia'' ("New Holland").〔John G. Reid. ''Acadia, Maine, and New Scotland: Marginal Colonies in the Seventeenth Century'', pg 171.〕 The Dutch took the Governor of Acadia Jacques de Chambly prisoner (along with his ensign, Jean-Vincent d’Abbadie * de Saint-Castin, and Pierre Joybert de Soulanges, who had been captured at Jemseg.)〔(Canadian Biography )〕〔Mary Beacock Fryer. ''Battlefields of Canada'', pg. 246.〕 〔(Baxter, vol. 6. 51-82 )〕 Aernoutsz sailed to Boston where he disposed of his plunder, even selling the cannon from Fort Pentagouet to the Massachusetts government. Some time in October 1674 he sailed for Curaçao, but left his prisoners and a number of his company in Boston, including John Rhoades.〔 Aernoutsz’s efforts were soon negated by the action of Massachusetts. John Rhoades and the other men Aernoutsz had left in Boston, acting under Aernoutsz's orders to return to Acadia and maintain possession, began seizing New England vessels coming to trade with the Native Americans. Massachusetts apprehended Rhoades and his cohorts and tried them as pirates. Ultimately they were all released or banished from Massachusetts.〔"(Rhoades, John )", ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online''.〕〔"(Aernoutsz, Jurriaen )", ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online''.〕〔Ramerini, Marco. "(The Dutch Settlements in North America )".〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「New Holland (Acadia)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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